English
Cell shakers are essential tools in biopharmaceutical and life science research. Their specifications and amplitude settings are crucial for the success of experiments. This article will discuss their specifications, amplitude settings, and their impact on cell culture.
I. Specifications of Cell Shakers
The specifications of cell shakers are primarily selected based on experimental needs and the type of cells being cultured. Common specifications include 125 ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, and 1000 ml, which are suitable for small-scale experiments. For large-scale culture, such as during the seed preparation stage, shakers with a capacity of 5 liters or more are typically used, at which point most have transitioned to cell bioreactors for expansion. Choosing the appropriate specification can better simulate the physiological environment of cells in vivo, promoting cell growth and metabolism.
II. Amplitude Settings
Amplitude settings are a key parameter in cell shaker culture. Suitable amplitude ensures thorough mixing of the culture medium and cells, providing adequate oxygen and nutrients, and promoting cell growth and proliferation. Generally, larger flasks use larger amplitudes, while smaller flasks require smaller amplitudes. For shakers between 2 liters and 5 liters, an amplitude of 50 mm is typically chosen, whereas for shakers between 25 ml and 2 liters, an amplitude of 25 mm is often selected. If the diameter of the flask is relatively large, a 25 mm amplitude is recommended. However, a larger amplitude is not always better; excessive amplitude can cause cell damage or increase the shear force of the medium. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an amplitude based on the specific cell type and experimental requirements.
III. Interaction Between Specifications and Amplitude Settings
There is an interaction between the specifications and amplitude settings. Larger shakers may require greater amplitude to ensure adequate mixing of the culture medium and cells, whereas smaller shakers may need a smaller amplitude to avoid excessive vibration that could damage the cells. Additionally, different specifications of shakers may have varying gas exchange efficiencies and cell growth spaces, which should be considered when setting the amplitude. Therefore, in practical operation, it is essential to consider the specific circumstances comprehensively and select appropriate specifications and amplitude settings.
Conclusion
The specifications and amplitude settings of Cell shakers are key factors for successful cell culture. Correct selection can provide a suitable growth environment for cells, promoting their growth and metabolism. In practical operation, it is crucial to comprehensively consider cell type, experimental requirements, and the interaction between shaker specifications and amplitude settings to ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.
The FAI climbed 5.9 percent year-on-year in the first 11 months of 2018, quickening from the 5.7-percent growth in Jan-Oct, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Friday in an online statement.
The key indicator of investment, dubbed a major growth driver, hit the bottom in August and has since started to rebound steadily.
In the face of emerging economic challenges home and abroad, China has stepped up efforts to stabilize investment, in particular rolling out measures to motivate private investors and channel funds into infrastructure.
Friday's data showed private investment, accounting for more than 60 percent of the total FAI, expanded by a brisk 8.7 percent.
NBS spokesperson Mao Shengyong said funds into weak economic links registered rapid increases as investment in environmental protection and agriculture jumped 42 percent and 12.5 percent respectively, much faster than the average.
In breakdown, investment in high-tech and equipment manufacturing remained vigorous with 16.1-percent and 11.6-percent increases respectively in the first 11 months. Infrastructure investment gained 3.7 percent, staying flat. Investment in property development rose 9.7 percent, also unchanged.