English
Ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwesiko lamaseli emkhakheni wesayensi yempilo, amafekthri amaseli asetshenziswa kakhulu njengesiko lamaseli elisebenzisekayo emikhakheni yokukhiqiza nokulungisa umgomo, amasosha omzimba e-monoclonal, ama-stem cells kanye nokwelashwa kwamaseli e-somatic. Ukukhula kweseli kunezidingo eziqinile endaweni ezungezile, futhi umfutho we-osmotic ofanelekile uyisisekelo samaseli ukuze agcine isimo esihle sokukhula.
Amaseli akuzixazululo ze-hypertonic noma ze-hypotonic ashwabana ngokushesha, avuvuke, futhi aqhume. Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi efanele ye-osmotic ingenye yezimo ezibalulekile zokutshala amaseli kumafektri amaseli. Ukugcinwa kwengcindezi ye-osmotic yezilwane ezincelisayo namanye amangqamuzana ezicubu zezilwane ku-vitro ikakhulukazi kuhlobene ne-sodium chloride, kodwa ubudlelwano bengcindezi ye-osmotic yamanye ama-dielectrics abunakushaywa indiva. Ingcindezi ye-osmotic ilingana nenani lama-molecule nama-ion e-solute kuvolumu yeyunithi ye-solvent, futhi ibhalansi ye-ion endaweni yamasiko ilawulwa ngokwengxenye ethile. Ukugcina ingcindezi ye-osmotic evamile akukhona nje ukugcina ukungezwani kwamangqamuzana, kodwa futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni i-cell metabolism. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuthutha kwe-ion ye-extracellular kanye nokugxila kwe-ion kushintsha ukuthuthwa kwezinye izakhi, kuthinta ngokuqondile uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwamaseli.
Ingcindezi ye-osmotic efanelekile iyahlukahluka ngohlobo nohlanga lwamaseli. Umfutho we-osmotic we-plasma yomuntu ungama-290 mmol/L, othathwa njengengcindezi ye-osmotic efanelekile yokuhlakulela amangqamuzana omuntu ku-vitro. Umfutho we-osmotic wamaseli ezincelisayo ngokuvamile usuka ku-290 kuye ku-300 mmol/L. Ama-embryonic lung fibroblasts angama-250-325 mmol/L, kanti amagundane angaba ngu-310 mmol/L. Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, ingcindezi ye-osmotic engu-260-320 mmol/L ifanele amaseli amaningi.
Ukubaluleka kwengcindezi ye-osmotic efanele lapho kutshalwa amangqamuzana ezimbonini zamaseli akungabazeki. Ukwengeza, izinga lokushisa elifanele, imvelo yegesi kanye nenani le-pH, ukungabi nobuthi kanye nenzalo yizimo eziyisisekelo zesiko lamaseli.
The FAI climbed 5.9 percent year-on-year in the first 11 months of 2018, quickening from the 5.7-percent growth in Jan-Oct, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Friday in an online statement.
The key indicator of investment, dubbed a major growth driver, hit the bottom in August and has since started to rebound steadily.
In the face of emerging economic challenges home and abroad, China has stepped up efforts to stabilize investment, in particular rolling out measures to motivate private investors and channel funds into infrastructure.
Friday's data showed private investment, accounting for more than 60 percent of the total FAI, expanded by a brisk 8.7 percent.
NBS spokesperson Mao Shengyong said funds into weak economic links registered rapid increases as investment in environmental protection and agriculture jumped 42 percent and 12.5 percent respectively, much faster than the average.
In breakdown, investment in high-tech and equipment manufacturing remained vigorous with 16.1-percent and 11.6-percent increases respectively in the first 11 months. Infrastructure investment gained 3.7 percent, staying flat. Investment in property development rose 9.7 percent, also unchanged.