English
I-Cytotoxicity umcimbi obulala amaseli obangelwa amaseli noma amakhemikhali angathembeli ku-apoptosis noma i-necrosis njengendlela yokufa kwamaseli. Ngalokhu kuhlolwa, kungahlulelwa ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-cell factory ziqukethe izinto ezingakukhuthazi ukukhula kwamaseli.
Cytotoxicity umphumela wezinto zamakhemikhali (izidakamizwa) esakhiweni esiyisisekelo futhi /noma inqubo yokuphila kwamaseli, njengolwelwesi lweseli noma ukwakheka kwe-cytoskeleton, inqubo ye-cell metabolism, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuwohloka noma ukukhululwa kwezingxenye zeseli noma imikhiqizo, ukulawulwa kwe-ion kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli nezinye izinqubo, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokuphila kwamaseli, ukwanda kanye/noma umsebenzi, okubangela ukusabela okungekuhle. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola ukuthi imboni yeseli iyi-cytotoxic kungenziwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
1. Izindlela ze-MTT ne-XTT: kusetshenziswa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme ngaphakathi kwe-mitochondria, usawoti othile we-tetrazolium ungaguqulwa, bese utholwa ngumfundi we-microplate;
2. Indlela ye-LDH: i-cytotoxicity itholwa ngokuthola umsebenzi we-enzyme we-LDH ku-cell culture supernatant;
3. Ezinye izindlela ze-enzymatic: ezifana nokuthola imisebenzi ye-alkaline phosphatase ne-asidi phosphatase ku-supernatant;
4. Ikhithi Yokuhlaziya I-Cell Proliferation: Amaseli avamile ane-metabolism enamandla, futhi i-succinate dehydrogenase ku-mitochondria yabo inganciphisa usawoti we-tetrazolium (njenge-MTT, i-XTT, i-WST-1, njll.) ibe yizinto ezibubende ze-crystalline, ezifakwe eduze kwamaseli, bese ufunda i-OD inani ngesifundi se-microplate ukuze kutholwe isimo sokwanda kwamaseli.
5. Ukutholwa kokusebenza kweseli ngendlela ye-fluorescein luminescence: I-Adenylate kinase (AK) ikhona ku-cytoplasm yawo wonke amaseli e-eukaryotic ne-prokaryotic, futhi i-AK ingenza i-ADP isebenze ukuze ikhiqize i-ATP. Lapho amangqamuzana alimala, ulwelwesi lwamaseli lonakala futhi i-AK idedelwa ku-supernatant yesiko. Ikhithi isebenzisa i-luciferase ne-luciferin ukuze ikhiphe ukukhanya ngaphansi kwesenzo se-ATP, futhi ingatholwa ngokwesilinganiso ngensimbi ye-chemiluminescence.
Ukuhlola ukuthi imboni yamaseli ine-cytotoxicity kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbalwa, futhi lokhu kuhlola nakho kungenye ye izinto zokuhlola okuvamile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zesiko lamaseli.
The FAI climbed 5.9 percent year-on-year in the first 11 months of 2018, quickening from the 5.7-percent growth in Jan-Oct, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Friday in an online statement.
The key indicator of investment, dubbed a major growth driver, hit the bottom in August and has since started to rebound steadily.
In the face of emerging economic challenges home and abroad, China has stepped up efforts to stabilize investment, in particular rolling out measures to motivate private investors and channel funds into infrastructure.
Friday's data showed private investment, accounting for more than 60 percent of the total FAI, expanded by a brisk 8.7 percent.
NBS spokesperson Mao Shengyong said funds into weak economic links registered rapid increases as investment in environmental protection and agriculture jumped 42 percent and 12.5 percent respectively, much faster than the average.
In breakdown, investment in high-tech and equipment manufacturing remained vigorous with 16.1-percent and 11.6-percent increases respectively in the first 11 months. Infrastructure investment gained 3.7 percent, staying flat. Investment in property development rose 9.7 percent, also unchanged.