English
1. Baictéir: Áirítear go minic ar éilliú baictéarach Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, etc. Is furasta an cineál éillithe seo a fháil. Is gaineamh dubh agus mín é faoi ghnáthmhicreascóp inbhéartaithe. Go ginearálta casann an réiteach cultúir buí i mbeagán ama. Níl an leacht measctha, beidh beagán croitheadh ina chúis le go leor moirtiúlacht a snámhphointe.ról tábhachtach a bheith acu i gcultúr na gceall ar mhórscála amhail ullmhú vacsaíní agus veicteoirí lentiviral. Agus cealla á shaothrú, tá cineálacha éagsúla truaillithe an-trioblóideach. I measc na bhfoinsí truaillithe, is cineál truaillithe sách coitianta é truailliú miocróbach. .
2. Múnla: Is é Candida albicans, Aspergillus, giosta agus mar sin de na héilliú múnla is mó. Tar éis éillithe múnla, d'fhan an meán cultúir soiléir agus moirtiúil i dtréimhse ghearr ama. Faoi mhicreascóp inbhéartaithe, d'fhéadfaí hífí filiméadacha agus dendritic fite fuaite idir cealla a fheiceáil ar snámh sa mheán cultúir.
3. Mycoplasma: Tá méid Mycoplasma idir baictéir agus víris, agus is miocrorgánach beo neamhspleách é. Íogaire don teas, ní le antaibheathaigh ghinearálta. Tá cruth an mycoplasma inathraithe, agus tá sé asaithe den chuid is mó ar dhromchla na cille agus idir cealla. Breathnaíodh faoin micreascóp leictreon, tá gráinníní dlúth ard-dlúis sa lár, agus tá an trasghearradh cosúil leis an microvilli cille.
4. Péisteanna dubha: Tá spotaí beaga dubha le feiceáil sna cealla tar éis a bheith éillithe ag péisteanna gliú dubh, agus is féidir gluaiseachtaí neamhrialta a fheiceáil faoi mhicreascóp ardchumhachta. Ní raibh moirtiúlacht an mheáin chultúir soiléir, agus is beag an tionchar a bhí aige ar staid fáis na gcealla. Tá éifeachtaí éagsúla acu ar fhás cille. Is beart ríthábhachtach é na héilliúcháin seo a rialú chun fás maith cille a chinntiú.
3. Mycoplasma: The size of Mycoplasma is between bacteria and viruses, and it is an independent living microorganism. Sensitive to heat, not to general antibiotics. The shape of mycoplasma is changeable, and it is mostly adsorbed on the cell surface and between cells. Observed under the electron microscope, there are high-density dense granules in the center, and the cross section is similar to the cell microvilli.
4. Black worms: Small black spots appear in the cells after being contaminated by black glue worms, and irregular movements can be seen under a high-power microscope. The turbidity of the culture medium was not obvious, and it had little effect on the growth state of the cells.
The above are common microbial contaminations when culturing cells in cell factories. They have different effects on cell growth. Controlling these contaminations is a key measure to ensure good cell growth.
The FAI climbed 5.9 percent year-on-year in the first 11 months of 2018, quickening from the 5.7-percent growth in Jan-Oct, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Friday in an online statement.
The key indicator of investment, dubbed a major growth driver, hit the bottom in August and has since started to rebound steadily.
In the face of emerging economic challenges home and abroad, China has stepped up efforts to stabilize investment, in particular rolling out measures to motivate private investors and channel funds into infrastructure.
Friday's data showed private investment, accounting for more than 60 percent of the total FAI, expanded by a brisk 8.7 percent.
NBS spokesperson Mao Shengyong said funds into weak economic links registered rapid increases as investment in environmental protection and agriculture jumped 42 percent and 12.5 percent respectively, much faster than the average.
In breakdown, investment in high-tech and equipment manufacturing remained vigorous with 16.1-percent and 11.6-percent increases respectively in the first 11 months. Infrastructure investment gained 3.7 percent, staying flat. Investment in property development rose 9.7 percent, also unchanged.